A Prospective Study Evaluating the Correlation of Body Mass Index, Waist–Hip Ratio, and Lipid Profile with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Adult Population

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem characterized by metabolic disturbances, including obesity
and dyslipidemia. Anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) are simple indicators of adiposity and
may correlate with lipid abnormalities, thereby predicting cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.
Aim: To evaluate the correlation of BMI, WHR, and lipid profile parameters in adult patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
attending a tertiary care center in Bihar.
Methodology: This prospective observational study included 100 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged ≥18 years attending the outpatient
department. Anthropometric measurements, including BMI and WHR, were recorded using standardized methods. Fasting blood samples were
analyzed for lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL. Data were analyzed using SPSS version
20. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and appropriate statistical tests were applied, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of patients were overweight or obese, with a high prevalence of increased WHR indicating central obesity. Dyslipidemia
was common, characterized by elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and reduced HDL levels. BMI and WHR showed significant positive
correlation with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, and negative correlation with HDL. WHR demonstrated a stronger association with
lipid abnormalities than BMI.
Conclusion: BMI and WHR, particularly WHR, are reliable and cost-effective indicators for predicting dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk
in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and should be routinely incorporated into clinical assessment.