Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Millets for Food Security: Reviving Nutri-Cereals for a Sustainable Future

Kalpana Kumari — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 11:58:52 +0000

The fact that a substantial portion of India still lives below the poverty line and cannot afford enough nourishing food twice a day raises seriousconcerns about our nation’s current policies, both domestically and internationally. First of all, the main causes that are identified includeunemployment, which makes their lives in misery, unchecked government policies that deprive poor farmers of the value of their crops, theconversion of agricultural lands into industrial areas, and many more. The government undoubtedly has a lot of plans to deal with all of this, butin the conflict between the crooked and the impoverished, the corrupt appear to be winning for the time being. It goes without saying that thegovernment’s top priority should be to ensure that no one dies from starvation. Despite producing enough food to meet its own requirements,India’s inflationary pressures on food prices are a striking tale that affects everyone, but especially the poor. The long term viability of India’sexisting level of self-reliance is also in doubt because of the country’s growing population and shifting dietary patterns. The consequences ofclimate change and the quantity of land required to grow food grains are two other significant problems. Millets are an environmentally friendlyfood source that can aid in the fight against hunger. These offer an extra benefit in addressing nutrient deficits in third-world nations becausenutrients are abundant in them. The grains are resistant to pests, diseases, and climate stress, and are easily stored for an extended period of time.

Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of a Robust Cellulase from Haloalkaliphilic Bacillus sp. E2 of Lonar Crater Lake

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 12:05:33 +0000

A haloalkaliphilic bacterial strain, designatedE2, was isolated from the hypersaline and hyperalkaline Lonar Crater Lake and evaluated for itscellulase production potential. Among seven isolates screened on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar, E2 exhibited the largest hydrolysiszone, indicating superior cellulolytic activity. Morphological characterization suggested its affiliation with the genus Bacillus, which was furthersupported by its ability to thrive under alkaline and saline conditions. Enzyme activity was optimized with respect to pH, temperature, NaClconcentration, nitrogen source, organic solvents, and metal ions. The cellulase displayed broad pH tolerance (7–12) with an optimum at pH11, and maintained high activity over a wide temperature range (40–100°C), peaking at 70°C. Maximum enzyme yield was obtained at 3% NaCl, with substantial activity retained up to 7% NaCl, indicating moderate halotolerance. Among nitrogen sources, yeast extract and tryptonesupported the highest enzyme production, while ammonium chloride was the least effective. The enzyme showed high stability in the presenceof methanol, hexane, and chloroform, but reduced activity with acetone and formaldehyde. Mn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ significantly enhanced cellulaseactivity, whereas Cu²⁺ caused strong inhibition. Kinetic analysis yielded a Km of 0.46% CMC and a Vmax of 178.6 U/mL from Lineweaver–Burkplots, suggesting high catalytic efficiency and good substrate affinity. These results indicate that strain Bacillus Strain E2 produces a thermostable,alkali-tolerant, and salt-tolerant cellulase with potential applications in industrial processes such as textile desizing, detergent formulation,pulp biobleaching, and biomass hydrolysis under extreme conditions.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Imidazo[1,2-A]Pyridines Containing 1,2,3-Triazole

Adki Nagaraj, G Amala, S Raghaveer — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 12:11:24 +0000

A series of novel2(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridine13(a-l) has been synthesized from 2-bromo-1-(5-methyl-1-aryl1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-ethanone 12(a-c) and assayed for their bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, viz. B. subtilis, B. sphaericus,and S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria viz. P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes and C. violaceum and fungal strains viz. C. albicans, A. fumigatus,T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. The compounds 13b, 13j, showed significant antibacterial activity, compounds 13c and 13g exhibited goodinhibitory activity against all fungal strains, and the other compounds also showed moderate to good antimicrobial activity.

Correlation of Clinical Examination with Radiological Imaging in the Diagnosis of Painful Breast Lumps: A Prospective Study

Monalisa Dutta, Nikhil Vyas, Shivani Badal, Sanjay De Bakshi, Gaurav Acharya — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Painful breast lumps are a common reason for clinical visits among women leading to significant anxiety. Although triple assessment (clinicalexamination (CE), ultrasonography (USG), and tissue sampling) is considered the diagnostic gold standard test, routine biopsy may beunnecessary in these females with benign clinical feature and imaging. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of CE and USG in womenaged 18–35 years presenting with painful breast lumps and correlates findings with pathological results. This prospective observational studyincluded 65 females aged 18–35 years with painful breast lumps. All participants underwent clinical examination, ultrasonomammography using BI-RADS classification, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Clinical and radiological diagnoses were correlated with histopathologyfindings. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated, and associations were analyzed using chi-square and Z-tests. The majority of lumps were benign on CE and USG. Histopathology confirmed benign lesions in 98.5% of patients, with fibroadenosis(56.9%) and fibroadenoma (29.2%) being most common. Only one patient (1.5%) had malignancy. CE demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%,specificity of 95.3%, and diagnostic accuracy of 95.3%. Ultrasonography showed 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% diagnosticaccuracy with perfect concordance with biopsy (p < 0.0001). Combined CE and USG accurately identified benign lesions in 95.3% of cases,and all BI-RADS IV lesions were malignant. Painful breast lumps in young women are overwhelmingly benign. Ultrasonography, combinedwith clinical examination, provides excellent diagnostic accuracy that can reliably identify benign lesions, potentially reducing the need forroutine biopsy. Selective use of tissue sampling, reserved for suspicious CE or BI-RADS IV/V findings, may reduce patient anxiety, proceduralrisks, and healthcare costs without compromising cancer detection.