Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

Diversity, Environmental Adaptability, and Functional Potential of Salt-Tolerant Phosphate- Solubilizing Bacteria from Coastal and Mangrove Soils of Diu, India

Harsh Limbani — 2026-03-13

Coastal and mangrove ecosystems represent unique ecological niches that support diverse and stress-adapted microbial communities. The
present investigation aimed to isolate and characterize phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from coastal and mangrove soils of Diu, India, and
evaluate their adaptability under varying environmental conditions. Soil samples collected from four ecologically distinct coastal sites yielded
twenty-one morphologically diverse bacterial isolates using selective media. All isolates demonstrated phosphate-solubilizing
capability on Pikovskaya’s agar and were Gram-positive, indicating their resilience in saline environments. Environmental factors significantly
influenced phosphate solubilization efficiency. Acidic conditions (pH 5) enhanced solubilization, whereas alkaline conditions reduced activity,
although some isolates exhibited tolerance. Moderate salinity (1–2.5%) supported optimal activity, confirming halotolerance, while higher
salinity reduced efficiency without completely inhibiting bacterial function. Temperature also played a critical role, with maximum solubilization
observed at 37 °C, indicating mesophilic adaptation. Biochemical characterization revealed metabolic versatility, including enzyme production and
oxidative stress tolerance. These findings highlight the ecological importance of PSB in phosphorus cycling and their potential role in improving
nutrient availability in salt-affected soils. The study demonstrates that coastal and mangrove soils serve as valuable reservoirs of agriculturally
beneficial microorganisms, offering promising candidates for eco-friendly biofertilizer development and sustainable crop production in saline
and coastal agro ecosystems.

AI-Driven Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Detection in Medicaid Claims Using Graph Neural Networks

Arpit Gupta — 2026-03-17

Medicaid is one of the largest public health insurance programs in the United States, processing millions of claims annually and managing billions
of dollars in healthcare expenditures. The scale and complexity of its multi-entity billing ecosystem make it highly susceptible to fraud, waste,
and abuse, including phantom billing, upcoding, identity misuse, and coordinated provider networks. Traditional detection approaches rely on
rule-based audits and tabular machine learning models that analyze claims as independent records. These methods often fail to capture hidden
relational patterns and interconnected fraud schemes embedded within provider–patient–facility networks.
This study proposes an AI-driven fraud detection framework using Graph Neural Networks to model Medicaid claims as a heterogeneous graph
structure. Providers, beneficiaries, claims, and facilities are represented as nodes, while billing interactions, referrals, and shared identifiers form
edges. The model leverages graph-based message passing to capture relational dependencies and detect coordinated fraud behavior. To address
class imbalance, imbalance-aware learning strategies are incorporated during training. Baseline comparisons include conventional machine
learning classifiers and network embedding techniques.
Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC compared to traditional approaches.
The proposed framework also integrates explainability mechanisms to identify influential subgraphs and high-risk billing patterns, supporting
transparency in fraud investigations. Overall, this research presents a scalable, interpretable, and policy-relevant solution for enhancing Medicaid
program integrity.

Preoperative Assessment of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Clinical and Ultrasonographic Predictors

Nikhil Vyas — 2026-03-30

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease. Despite advances in technique and experience, LC may be technically difficult in a subset of patients, leading to increased operative time, complications, and conversion to open surgery. Preoperative prediction of difficult LC can improve surgical planning and patient counseling. In this study, we will evaluate the role of preoperative clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in predicting difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 18 months. Eighty-two patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Preoperative clinical parameters and ultrasonographic findings were recorded and correlated with intraoperative difficulty. Difficult LC was defined based on operative findings, including difficulty in access, adhesiolysis, Calot’s triangle dissection, gallbladder dissection, and intraoperative bleeding. Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy was encountered in 28 patients (34.15%). Gallbladder wall thickness >3 mm, stone size >20 mm, multiple stones, body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m², pericholecystic collection, liver span >13 cm, narrow subcostal angle, and xipho-umbilical distance >18 cm showed a statistically significant association with difficult LC (p <0.05). Conversion to open cholecystectomy was required in 11 patients (13.41%). Preoperative assessment using clinical and ultrasonographic parameters is useful in predicting difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the likelihood of conversion to open surgery. This enables better operative planning, optimal resource allocation, and improved patient counseling.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant-Mediated Pharmacological Activities of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.: A Narrative Review

Sharuk Khan — 2026-03-30

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. is a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional systems for the management of gastrointestinal, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that many of its pharmacological effects are mediated through antioxidant mechanisms. The present narrative review aims to critically summarize and evaluate published literature on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant-related pharmacological activities of Aegle marmelos. Relevant studies were retrieved from scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using appropriate keywords. Experimental findings indicate that different parts of the plant, particularly leaves and fruits, possess significant antioxidant activity in various in vitro and in vivo models, largely attributed to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids. However, most studies rely on crude extracts and in vitro assays, with limited standardization and insufficient clinical validation. This review highlights existing research gaps and emphasizes the need for compound-level investigations, bioavailability studies, and well-designed clinical trials to support the therapeutic potential of A. marmelos in oxidative stress-related disorders.

Calcium Phosphate Based Micro and Nanoparticles in Oral Drug Delivery: Formulation Approaches, Intestinal Fate, and Bioavailability Enhancement: A Review

Mital A. Patel — 2026-03-30

The emergence of calcium phosphate (CaP) based micro and nanoparticles has been of much interest as a novel approach to solving the inherent problems associated with the oral delivery of drugs, namely low solubility, instability, and bioavailability of most therapeutic agents. The paper is a review that gives a complete discussion on the use of CaP as a biocompatible, biodegradable and pH-responsive carrier during oral delivery. The physicochemical versatility of CaP provides the opportunity to make drug delivery systems able to deliver controlled release, targeted absorption in the intestine, and a greater bioavailability. The different synthesis strategies, including wet precipitation, sol-gel processes, spray drying, and biomimetic mineralization, allow a solid control of morphology and drug encapsulation capacity of particles. Moreover, the intestinal fate of CaP systems indicates their capacity to protect drugs in acidic gastric conditions and release and uptake site-specifically in the intestine. Their practical potential is noted in case studies, such as the solubility of compounds with low solubility (such as curcumin, paclitaxel, and raloxifene deliveries). Although there are current shortcomings like aggregation and scale-up biases, new hybrid and surface-modified CaP systems are resolving them. Altogether, CaP-based carriers can be discussed as an effective, safe, and scalable platform for delivering oral medication in the next generation, at the same time, effective for pharmaceuticals and biologically compatible.

Genomic Insights in Parkinson’s Disease: A Reviews

Mayuri Bapu Chavan — 2026-03-30

Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition that affects 8.5 million individuals worldwide and is characterised by tremors, slower movements, loss of balance, and stiffness. Over the last decade, progress in genomic research on complicated diseases has increased rapidly and emerged as a potent means of understanding the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease has both familial and sporadic genetic forms, with rare mutations and monogenic variants linked to disease risk. Common variations, like SNCA, MAPT, and HLA, increase the probability of developing the disease, highlighting the complex interaction between inherited variables and disease pathogenesis. Novel PD risk loci and genes have been reported through genomic investigations, particularly genome-wide association studies (GWAS), creating a path for precision medicine techniques along with targeted therapeutics. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are used to assess risk, allowing for early intervention and individualised care for those who are at risk. This review aims to offer a thorough analysis of the functions of genomics in Parkinson’s disease, comprising its genetic architecture, genomic studies for determining the genetic components that influence PD risk and pathophysiology, implications for risk assessment, diagnosis using various novel biomarkers, therapeutic advances, research gaps, challenges such as heterogenicity, underdiagnosis, adverse effects of medicines and future directions along with the additional research in these fields may pave the path for cutting-edge treatment and diagnostic approaches that eventually improve the lives of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).